Typical symptoms
- Work queues and approval backlogs
- Handoffs repeated between functions
- Cost per output rising without volume growth
- Routine delivery dates missed
Possible underlying causes
- Undocumented or conflicting processes
- Unclear ownership between functions
- Manual workarounds replacing system capability
- Capacity planned against history, not demand
Evidence required
- Process maps and cycle-time data
- Cost-to-serve and unit-cost records
- Volume, backlog and rework history
- Front-line and service-user feedback
Intervention categories
- Process redesign
- Operating-model improvement
- Performance management
- Capability development
Measurable improvement
- Cycle time
- Unit cost
- Rework rate
- On-time delivery







